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When an object in a room starts to burn, for some time after ignition, it burns in much the same way as it would in the open. After a short period of time, however, confinement begins to influence fire development. The smoke produced by the burning object rises to form a hot gas layer below the ceiling; this layer heats the ceiling and upper walls of the room. Thermal radiation from the hot layer, ceiling, and upper walls begins to heat all objects in the lower part of the room and may augment both the rate of burning of the original object and the rate of flame spread over its surface.
At this point, the fire may go out if, for example, the first object burns completely before others start, or if sufficient oxygen cannot get into the room to keep the object burning.
J.R. Mehaffey, Ph.D.
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